Which category includes substances like morphine and codeine?

The correct category for substances like morphine and codeine is narcotics. Narcotics are a class of drugs that primarily consist of opioids, which are substances that act on the opioid receptors in the brain to produce pain relief (analgesic effects) as well as feelings of euphoria. These substances are often derived from opium, which is where morphine and codeine originate.

Narcotics are typically used in medical settings to manage severe pain but are also known for their potential for abuse and addiction, which is important in the context of chemical dependency. Understanding this classification helps in identifying the risks associated with opioid use and the necessary measures for monitoring and treatment in cases of dependence.

Other categories included in the options serve different purposes; for example, stimulants are substances that increase alertness and energy, anxiolytics are used to treat anxiety, and inhalants generally refer to volatile substances that are inhaled for psychoactive effects. Recognizing these distinctions is essential for a counselor to appropriately assess and address substance use issues.